Lithium batteries are among the most heavily regulated commodities in international logistics. From UN38.3 testing to MSDS documentation, transport condition reports, and the distinction between fully regulated DG vs. SP188 exemptions β errors can result in cargo rejection, fines, or safety incidents. This guide covers everything you need to know.
1. Lithium Battery Classification
| Type | UN Number | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium Ion (rechargeable) | UN 3480 (standalone) / UN 3481 (packed with/in equipment) | Power banks, laptop batteries |
| Lithium Metal (non-rechargeable) | UN 3090 (standalone) / UN 3091 (packed with/in equipment) | CR2032, AA lithium batteries |
2. UN38.3 Testing β Mandatory Baseline
All lithium batteries must pass UN38.3 (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3) before transport. Eight tests: altitude simulation, thermal test, vibration, shock, external short circuit, impact/crush, overcharge, forced discharge. Without UN38.3 test report = illegal to ship.
3. Required Documentation
- UN38.3 Test Summary: Required since 2020 for all lithium battery shipments
- MSDS/SDS: Material Safety Data Sheet β 16-section format
- Transport Condition Report: Required by Chinese regulations (air/sea transport identification)
- DG Declaration: For fully regulated dangerous goods shipments
- 1.2m Drop Test: For standalone lithium batteries
4. Fully Regulated vs. SP188 Exemption
| Criterion | Fully Regulated (DG) | SP188 (Exempted) |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium Ion Cell | >20 Wh | β€20 Wh |
| Lithium Ion Battery | >100 Wh | β€100 Wh |
| Lithium Metal Cell | >1g Li | β€1g Li |
| Lithium Metal Battery | >2g Li | β€2g Li |
| Packaging | UN certified packaging | Strong outer packaging |
| Label | Class 9 DG label | Lithium battery handling label |
| Declaration | DG declaration required | No DG declaration |
5. State of Charge (SoC) Limits
IATA 2026 rules: lithium ion batteries shipped standalone (UN 3480) must not exceed 30% SoC. Batteries packed with or contained in equipment: manufacturer’s recommended SoC. This applies to air freight only.
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